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Economist explores human stories behind development_我的网站

一 |     韩国芯片巨头三星电子与SK海力士业绩引发了美国方面的关注。    

    Zhou Jiang speaks at an event. Photo: Courtesy of Zhou Jiang
Zhou Jiang, a researcher at the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, has a favorite book:  White Deer Tableland or Bai Lu Yuan by renowned writer Chen Zhongshi.
As vice president of the Regional Science Association of China (RSAC), Zhou told the Global Times that a lifetime of reading has profoundly shaped the way he sees and understands the world. It ultimately led him to a career in research and academia, where he teaches and pursues scholarly work.
Since earning his PhD in economics in 2000, he has devoted himself to the study of regional science and economics, a field that demands a constant crossing of disciplinary boundaries, drawing on the fields of geography, sociology, history, and ecology among others.
"Reading has kept alive my sense of curiosity and taught me to ask questions with patience and persistence: Where do disparities in regional development come from? How do policies affect different groups in society? And how can a region pursue both efficiency and equity so that development is not merely effective, but also imbued with a greater sense of humanity and warmth?" Zhou noted. 
Founded in 1991, RSAC is a national academic society dedicated to advancing domestic and international academic exchange and cooperation, providing consulting services on spatial planning, urbanization, and regional development, and offering intellectual support for China's modernization drive.
The 57-year-old researcher noted that reading has empowered him in two distinct ways.
"The first is discernment. When confronted with a complex issue, I try not to settle for a simple conclusion. Instead, I make an effort to understand its broader context, how it has unfolded, and the perspectives of the different people involved," he said. 
"The second is a sense of inner steadiness. Setbacks are an inevitable part of both life and work. Good books remind us that hardship is never ours alone to bear; countless people before us have faced circumstances more difficult than our own, made difficult choices, and found the strength to carry on. Reading cannot solve every problem for us, but it can help us remain calm when challenges arise, giving us the clarity and resilience that allow us not to panic or give up too easily," he said. 
Historical depth

Each time Zhou returns to the White Deer Tableland, he finds something different in its pages. 
"When I first read it as a young person, I was drawn primarily to the characters and the twists and turns of their lives. Later, as I began researching regional economics, I found myself paying closer attention to the changes in the land, the countryside, families and social order presented in the story. Now, approaching 60, I have come to appreciate more deeply the choices the characters make, the constraints they face, and the quiet perseverance they show amid the sweeping currents of their times," he said. 
White Deer Tableland uses Bai Lu village in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province as a microcosm, tracing the feuds and intertwined fortunes of three generations of the Bai (literally meaning white) and Lu families. Through their stories, it captures more than half a century of sweeping historical change, from the final years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to the 1970s and 1980s. The novel won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of China's top literature awards, in 1997.
Zhou prefers literary works with historical depth and a keen eye for social change. 
Regional economics may appear to be concerned with the spatial distribution of industries, population and resources, but at its heart, it is about how people live on a particular piece of land, and why some places flourish while others decline, he noted. 
In this sense, literature and history are more than pastimes beyond professional research. They often help him understand the historical context, cultural traditions and social mentality that lie behind economic data, he said. 
When reading novels, Zhou said that he often pays close attention to the relationship between people and the places they inhabit: How the land shapes the local character, how transportation transforms a region, and how shifts in industry reshape families and villages. Such details may not offer a direct conclusion, but they broaden a researcher's perspective. They also serve as a reminder that research should look beyond growth rates and statistical indicators to consider the sense of fulfillment experienced by ordinary people and the dignity of human beings.
Understanding ourselves
Once, while tidying his study, he came across a book filled with notes he had scribbled in his early years. Among them was a question that particularly caught his attention: "In the face of sweeping changes in the times and profound social transformation, what can a person truly determine for himself?"
Looking at those words he had written in his youth was like coming face to face with the person he had been decades ago.
Reading is not simply the act of understanding a book; it is also a record of a person's own growth, he said. The same book can reveal something entirely different when read at different stages of life. 
When we are young, we turn to books in search of answers; but when we become seasoned, we read more to understand life, to understand others, and ultimately, to better understand ourselves, Zhou said. 
In this era of fragmented information, AI can help people access information quickly, organize materials, and gain a basic understanding of unfamiliar fields. Yet deep reading, Zhou said, allows people to see how a conclusion is reached — what evidence supports it, where its boundaries lie, and what alternative interpretations it may invite.
What truly shapes a person, after all, is not how much information they have browsed, but the words that have made them pause and reflect - and the words that have remained with them for many years, he added. 
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二 |          在半导体超级周期的提振下，近期三星电子与SK海力士均交出亮眼业绩。公开数据显示，三星电子2026年第二季度营业利润预估约‌89.4万亿韩元‌，第一季度实际营业利润达57.2万亿韩元，同比暴增756%；SK海力士一季度营业利润‌37.61万亿韩元‌，营业利润率高达72%，连续四个季度创新高。

三 | 目前，SK海力士尚未公布今年二季度业绩，预计将在7月下旬公布相关财报。         近日，美国助理贸易代表（USTR）里克·斯威策（Rick Switzer）向韩国贸易部长表达了一个想法：美国企业大量采购了韩国的半导体产品，尤其是内存、HBM、AI芯片等，对三星及SK海力士的惊人业绩作出了巨大贡献。因此，美国认为他们也有权分享三星、SK海力士的超额利润。

四 |          当前，两家芯片巨头如何分配这笔超额利润已经在韩国国内引发不小争议。有声音认为，在两家企业供应链上扮演承包商角色的企业应该优先分享利润，也有声音认为，这笔红利必须惠及韩国普通民众。

五 |          密切关注此事的韩国学者金允俊告诉第一财经，如今随着美方也要来“插一脚”，大概率不会得到韩方企业的同意，但后续要观望特朗普政府是否会祭出关税等手段进行所谓的“报复”。         特朗普也要“分一杯羹”？          目前，美方的这一表态已在韩国业界和政府层面引发关注。美方这一表态的背后有何逻辑？金允俊分析认为，在美方看来，如果韩国本土合作伙伴因贡献了部分利润而有权获得分成，那么美国企业也应享有同等权利，“比如微软、英伟达、苹果这些美国科技行业的巨头持续采购韩国相关的存储芯片，在美方看来，这些美国企业对于韩国芯片行业的出口贡献重大。

六 | ”          韩方数据显示，韩国今年上半年出口总额达到创纪录的1924.3亿美元，同比增长162.5%。其中对美出口增长91.3%，达264亿美元。6月韩国出口额同比增长70.9%，达到1022.5亿美元，首次突破1000亿美元大关；其中半导体出口同比飙升199.5%，贡献了448.2亿美元。

七 |          目前，对于韩国今年下半年出口的预测也持续看好。

八 | 比如，韩国智库韩国产业研究院（KIET）发布的《2026年下半年经济与产业展望》报告预计，受AI基础设施建设带动的半导体及ICT产品需求激增，韩国今年出口总额将同比增长30.3%，达到创纪录的9244亿美元，年度贸易顺差有望创下2190亿美元的历史新高。

九 | 市场预计，三星电子与SK海力士今年的合计利润将超2700亿美元（约合2万亿元人民币）。         “在这些数据的‘刺激’下，不难理解美方的‘眼红’。

十 | ”金允俊说道。不过，他强调，其实以三星电子与SK海力士为代表的韩国半导体企业，已经在近些年加大对美国的投资布局了，可谓“响应”了特朗普的号召，“但目前看来美方并不满足于现状。”          就在本月上旬，美国商务部部长霍华德·卢特尼克在美光科技纽约州克莱镇新工厂奠基仪式上就公开点名三星电子和SK海力士，要求两家韩企赴美新建存储芯片生产设施。卢特尼克承认，美光科技或许并不乐见其竞争对手在美国拓展业务，但他强调了增强美国芯片供应链韧性的必要性。         如何平衡对美以及本土投资          公开信息显示，三星电子和SK海力士目前均已在美国投资，只是尚未在当地直接生产DRAM或NAND闪存。比如，三星电子目前正在得克萨斯州泰勒市建设一座晶圆代工厂，投资额高达440亿美元；SK海力士则投入40亿美元，在印第安纳州西拉法叶建造人工智能芯片先进封装工厂。两家公司现有在美项目主要集中于晶圆代工和先进封装。         金允俊分析认为，面对美方的喊话，两家韩国企业要不要继续加大对美投资，其实是个“两难”局面。

十一 | 他解释道，近期韩国政府官宣加大对半导体产业的投资，力争成为这一产业的强国，比如6月底公布了史上最大规模半导体投资计划，要在韩国打造新的半导体产业集群，投资金额将达2000万亿韩元，“如果加大对美投资，势必会影响在韩国的布局，毕竟企业的人力、物力和资本总量有限，摊子铺得过大，会直接分散企业的投资密度和研发资源投入。

十二 | ”          金允俊还强调，如果不响应美方要求，不仅会错失美国《通胀削减法案》《芯片与科学法案》提供的补贴支持，还可能在未来面临美方的各类贸易限制，影响企业在美国市场的长期布局。“这种两头挤压的局面，让两家企业很难作出干脆的决策，只能在两边诉求之间反复权衡博弈。”他分析道。         最新消息显示，韩国半导体设备商韩美半导体公司20日表示，计划于今年下半年设立美国业务机构。         (本文来自第一财经)。

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Published on:01:44:40